À
À as a preposition of place can either mean “to/in/at” some place, e.g à Paris (in/to Paris), au restaurant (at/in a restaurant), à la gare (at the station), aux toilettes (to / in the bathroom)
au
Au is a combination of à + the definite article le:
Tu ne vas pas au travail?
You’re not going to work?
Use the preposition à + le = au with masculine countries to say “in/to”:
Vous êtes au Canada?
You’re in Canada?
à la/l’
The preposition à + the definite article la or l’ are always written separately as:
Camilla va à la station de métro (f).
Camilla is going to the metro stop.
Je suis à l’arrêt de bus.
I’m at the bus stop.
aux
Aux is a combination of à + the definite article les:
Ils vont aux toilettes.
They’re going to bathroom.
Use the combination of the preposition à + les = aux with plural countries to say “in/to”:
Je vais aux État-Unis avec Janine.
I’m in the US with Janine.
En
Use the preposition en to say “you’re in town or you’re going to town”:
Je suis en ville.
I am in the city.
The preposition en is used with aller when you say you “go by” a means of transport:
Je vais en bus au centre-ville.
I’m going by bus to the city center.
The preposition en is used with feminine countries to say “in/to”:
On va aller en Espagne l’été prochain.
We’re going to Spain next summer.
Dans
Dans is a preposition of place which usually means “in” when followed by a determiner (le/la…)+ noun:
Les garçons sont dans la rue.
The boys are in the street.
De
The preposition of place de means “from” e.g.:
On vient de la station.
We’re coming from the station.
du
Du is a combination of the preposition de + the definite article le. De combines with the definite articles le and les similarly to the preposition à:
Je viens du restaurant.
I’m coming from the restaurant.
de la
The preposition de + the definite article la are always written separately as de la:
On vient de la maison.
We’re coming from the house.
de l’
The preposition de + the definite article l’ are always written separately as de l’:
Elle vient de l’étranger.
She’s coming from abroad.
des
Des is a combination of the preposition de + the definite article les:
Nous venons des toilettes.
We’re coming from the bathroom.
Sous
Sous is a preposition of place meaning “under”:
Marie est sous la douche.
Marie is in/under the shower.
Sur
Sur is a preposition of place meaning “on”:
Il y a un savon sur la baignoire.
There is soap on the bathtub.
Chez
Chez is a preposition of place meaning “at/to a place”:
Il y a trois serviettes oranges chez nous.
There are three orange towels at our place.
Pour
Pour is a preposition meaning “for”:
Il y a du beurre pour le pain?
Is there any butter for the bread?